Temperature is one of the important factors affecting battery performance. Temperatures that are too high or too low can have a negative impact on battery performance.

First, high temperature will accelerate the aging process of the battery and shorten the service life of the battery. When the battery temperature reaches above 50℃, the battery life will be greatly shortened. In addition, high temperature will also accelerate the chemical reaction inside the battery and increase the pressure inside the battery, which may lead to the risk of battery explosion or fire.

Secondly, low temperature will also affect the performance of the battery. When the battery temperature is too low, the battery's output power and energy density will decrease, resulting in a shortened battery range. In addition, low temperature will also cause the electrolyte inside the battery to thicken, increase the internal resistance of the battery, and affect the charging and discharging efficiency of the battery.

In general, temperature mainly affects the following performance of the battery:

Electrochemical reaction process: The electrochemical reaction at the electrode/electrolyte interface is related to the ambient temperature. The electrode/electrolyte interface is regarded as the heart of the battery. If the temperature drops, the reaction rate of the electrode also drops.

Charging and discharging efficiency: When the temperature rises, the transmission speeds up, when the temperature drops, the transmission slows down, and the battery charge and discharge performance will also be affected.

Battery rechargeability: The optimal operating temperature of lithium batteries is 0-35 degrees Celsius. In low temperature environments (below 0 degrees Celsius), the activity of lithium ions in mobile phone batteries will decrease, and the discharge capacity will also weaken.

Power and capacity: As the temperature rises, the battery output power will increase, and the capacity will also be affected. When the internal temperature of the battery rises, the gas expansion generated by battery activation is very dangerous and can easily cause the battery to burn or explode.

Safety and reliability: There will be safety risks if the battery is used in an overheated or extremely cold environment.

Lifespan and number of cycles: The higher the ambient temperature in which the battery operates, the fewer the number of charge and discharge cycles it has experienced, and the more serious the battery capacity attenuation will be.

Therefore, in order to maintain the battery at its best performance and extend its service life, the battery temperature needs to be controlled within an appropriate range. In electric vehicles, the battery management system (BMS) usually monitors the temperature of the battery and takes appropriate measures (such as cooling or heating) to keep the battery within the optimal operating temperature range. In portable devices such as mobile phones, users should also be careful to avoid using the device in extreme temperature environments to protect battery performance and life.

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