Electric vehicles and renewable energy: The popularity of electric vehicles depends largely on advances in battery technology. Currently, battery energy density, charging speed, lifespan and cost are all key factors restricting the large-scale application of electric vehicles. Similarly, storage of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind relies on efficient, reliable battery technology. If battery performance cannot be significantly improved, technological breakthroughs in these fields will be limited.

Mobile devices and wearable technology: In the fields of smartphones, tablets, and wearable devices, battery life is an important indicator that users pay attention to. As device functionality continues to increase, so does the demand for battery energy. However, current battery technology still faces challenges in meeting these needs, which limits the further development and popularity of the device.

Aerospace: In the aerospace field, the weight and energy density of the battery are crucial to the performance and payload capacity of the aircraft. However, current battery technology often cannot meet the requirements of lightweight and high energy density at the same time, which limits the development of aerospace technology.

Remote Sensors and IoT: The deployment of IoT and remote sensor networks often requires long-term operation in unattended environments. Therefore, the requirements for battery life and stability are extremely high. However, current battery technology cannot meet these demands, resulting in limited applications for the Internet of Things and remote sensor networks.

Safety and environmental protection issues: Battery safety and environmental protection issues are also important factors that hinder technological breakthroughs. Some batteries may explode or catch fire when overheated, overcharged, or physically damaged, which increases the risk of use. In addition, harmful substances may be produced during the manufacturing and recycling processes of batteries, causing pollution to the environment. These issues need to be addressed to drive further development of battery technology.

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