The preparation process of ternary material precursors for lithium-ion batteries mainly includes sol-gel method, spray pyrolysis method, precipitation method, etc. The specific analysis of these methods is as follows:

Sol-gel method: This method is a common soft chemical method with the advantages of good uniformity and low synthesis temperature. It can achieve uniform mixing of material components at the molecular or atomic level. However, it also has the disadvantages of complex process and high cost.

Spray pyrolysis method: In this method, soluble metal salts and precipitants are atomized in a spray dryer and then dried. The particle size of the material synthesized by this method is relatively consistent, the distribution of chemical components is relatively uniform, the process is relatively simple, easy to implement, and short in time. It is one of the methods for industrial production of cathode materials.

Co-precipitation method: This is the mainstream preparation method of ternary precursor materials, which can accurately control the content of each component and achieve atomic-level mixing of the components. By adjusting the synthesis process parameters such as solution concentration, pH value, reaction time, reaction temperature, and stirring speed, materials with different particle sizes, morphologies, densities, and crystallization degrees can be prepared.

In actual production, if you want to prepare a precursor with a tap density higher than 2.0g·cm-3, you must add a complexing agent during the reaction process. However, the amount of complexing agent is not always better. When the amount of complexing agent is too much, there will be too many complexed nickel and cobalt ions in the solution, which will cause the reaction to be incomplete and reduce the three elements of nickel, cobalt and manganese in the precursor. The proportion deviates from the design value, and the complexed metal ions will be discharged with the supernatant, causing waste and the subsequent wastewater treatment workload will also increase.

The pH value directly affects the morphology and particle size distribution of the precursor. The pH value is low, which is conducive to the growth of crystal nuclei, and the primary crystal grains are thicker and larger; the pH value is high, which is conducive to the formation of crystal nuclei, and the primary crystal grains are thin and thin. Therefore, it is very important to adjust the pH value according to the structure and performance parameters of the ternary precursor.

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